Page 148 - 《精细化工》2021年第1期

第 38 卷第 1 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.38, No.1
202 1 年 1 月 FINE CHEMICALS Jan. 2021

食品与饲料用化学品
鸡脚脱脂除杂蛋白预处理工艺

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谭 佳 1,2 ，王雅欣 1,2 ，甄大卫 ，谢建春 1,2*
（1. 食品质量与安全北京实验室，北京 100048；2. 北京工商大学 轻工科学技术学院，北京 100048；
3. 史蒂文斯理工学院 生物与化学系，美国 新泽西州 07030）

摘要：以脱脂率、胶原蛋白损失和除杂蛋白效果为指标，研究超声波辅助下对鸡脚进行脱脂除杂蛋白的预处理
工艺。采用 HPLC 测定了鸡脚处理前后羟脯氨酸、脯氨酸、甘氨酸含量。考察了 V(石油醚)∶V(乙醇)=1∶1/NaCl
溶液法、碱性脂肪酶溶液法、NaOH 溶液法对脱脂率的影响。对料液比及超声时间/次数进行优化，得出采用 V(石
油醚)∶V(乙醇)=1∶1/NaCl 溶液法脱脂率最高，其次为碱性脂肪酶溶液法，NaOH 溶液法胶原蛋白损失最大。进
一步设计 V(石油醚)∶V(乙醇)=1∶1 与碱性脂肪酶溶液结合的两步法，得到较佳工艺为：第一步，V(石油醚)∶
V(乙醇)=1∶1，料液比 1∶4（g∶mL），超声萃取 3 次，每次用新的溶剂超声 10 min；第二步，质量分数为 2.5%
的脂肪酶溶液（含 0.05 mol/L NaOH，pH=8），料液比 1∶2（g∶mL），超声处理 40 min；在此工艺下鸡脚脱脂
率为 96.48%，胶原蛋白损失率为 9.31%，处理后鸡脚中羟脯氨酸、脯氨酸、甘氨酸占比与从鸡脚中热水提取
的明胶相似。
关键词：鸡脚；脱脂；除杂蛋白；羟脯氨酸；胶原蛋白；食品化学品
中图分类号：X792 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5214 (2021) 01-0138-09

Pretreatment technology of degreasing and removing
miscellaneous protein from chicken feet

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1,2
TAN Jia , WANG Yaxin , ZHEN Dawei , XIE Jianchun 1,2*
（1. Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100048, China; 2. School of Light Industry Science and
Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; 3. Department of Chemistry and
Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, New Jersey 07030, the United States of America）
Abstract: The technology of degreasing and removing miscellaneous protein in chicken feet by ultrasonic
extraction was studied using degreasing rate, collagen loss and effect of removing miscellaneous protein as
evaluation index. The hydroxyproline, proline and glycine of chicken feet after and before treatment were
determined by HPLC. The effects of V(petroleum ether)∶V(ethanol)=1∶1/NaCl solution method, alkaline
lipase solution method and NaOH solution method on the degreasing rate were investigated. Furthermore,
the solid-liquid ratio and ultrasonic time/times were optimized. It was found that V(petroleum ether)∶
V(ethanol)=1∶1/NaCl solution method showed the highest degreasing rate, followed by alkaline lipase
solution method, while NaOH solution method showed the highest collagen loss. Then, a two-step treatment
method of V(petroleum ether)∶V(ethanol)=1∶1/alkaline lipase solution was designed and the optimized
process was as follows: in the first step, V(petroleum ether)∶V(ethanol)=1∶1, solid-liquid ratio 1∶4 (g∶
mL), ultrasonic extraction for 3 times, each time using the new solvent ultrasonic 10 min; in the second step,
0.05 mol/L NaOH solution with mass fraction of 2.5% lipase (pH=8), solid-liquid ratio 1∶2 (g∶mL),
consecutive ultrasonic time 40 min. Under these optimum conditions, the degreasing rate was 96.48%, and
the collagen loss was 9.31%. Besides, the proportions of hydroxyproline, proline and glycine in chicken feet

收稿日期：2020-06-05; 定用日期：2020-08-25; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20200484
基金项目：国家重点研发计划项目课题（2017YFD0400106）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（31671895）；北京市自然科学基金面上项
目（6172004）
作者简介：谭 佳（1996—），男，硕士生，E-mail：714608308@qq.com。联系人：谢建春（1967—），女，博士，教授，E-mail：
xjchun@th.btbu.edu.cn。